专题02 传统文化

2023中考英语阅读理解专项练习（常考+热门话题）

专题02 传统文化

一、阅读单选

To Borrow Arrows with Thatched Boats（草船借箭）

One day, Zhou Yu ordered Zhuge Liang to make 100,000 arrows（箭）in ten days. Zhou Yu thought it was impossible, but Zhuge Liang said, “Give me three days.” Then he asked Lu Su to lend him 20 boats, and the soldiers put some scarecrows（稻草人）in line on the boats. He reminded Lu Su not to tell Zhou Yu what was happening. 

When Lu Su came again to see Zhuge Liang, he found nothing unusual. Nothing happened on the second day, either. In the small hours（凌晨）of the third day, Zhuge Liang invited Lu Su for a boat ride. The 20 boats were tied together with strong ropes. Zhuge’s fleet went towards the camp of Cao Cao. The surface of the river was covered with thick mist（雾）all over. People could hardly see each other on the river. When Zhuge’s fleet got close to the Cao camp before dawn（黎明）, Zhuge Liang ordered his soldiers to shout and beat drums heavily to pretend an attack. But Zhuge and Lu Su only sat inside one boat drinking wine to enjoy themselves. 

As soon as the Cao camp heard the shouting and drum beating, they mistook it for a surprise attack by the Zhou Yu camp. Since they could see nobody on the river, they had to order 3,000 soldiers to shoot arrows to stop the unexpected attack. The front of the scarecrows was quickly full of arrows. After a while, Zhuge Liang had his fleet turned around to get the other side of the scarecrows to face the Cao camp. When both sides were full of arrows, the day broke. Zhuge Liang ordered his soldiers to return. The soldiers shouted in excitement, “Thank you, Cao Cao, for your arrows.” After they got back to their camp, they collected more than 100,000 arrows in total from the scarecrows.

1．How many days did Zhuge Liang need to make 100,000 arrows?

A．One day. B．Two days. C．Three days. D．Ten days.

2．The underlined word “feet” probably means _________ in Chinese.

A．船帆 B．甲板 C．船浆 D．船队

3．Who created the idea to get the arrows?

A．Zhou Yu. B．Zhuge Liang. C．Lu Su. D．Cao Cao.

4．The soldiers in the Cao camp shot arrows because _________.

A．the Zhou Yu camp started an attack B．they could see each other on the river

C．they mistook the shouting and beating for a surprise attack D．Lu Su beat the drums

5．How did Zhou Yu probably feel after Zhuge Liang returned with over 100,000 arrows?

A．Surprised. B．Bored. C．Tired. D．Lonely.

In the state of Qin (秦国), there was a man called Shang Yang (商鞅). He was a statesman (政治家) and worked out many reforms (改革) for the state, like paying more attention to farming and giving rewards (报酬) to soldiers who were successful when at war.

But these reforms were not easily carried out (执行) at first. Most people didn’t trust Shang Yang. In order to solve this problem, Shang Yang came up with an idea. He put a thin wooden pole at the south gate of the Qin capital. Many people came to see him and the pole.

Then, in front of the crowd, Shang Yang said loudly, “The man who takes this pole to the north gate will get 10 gold pieces.”

It was a simple job and the reward was so large. However, some time passed and no one stepped forward. They all thought Shang Yang was making a joke.

Hearing no answer, Shang Yang stepped forward and said, “The reward now goes to 50 gold pieces.” 

This reward was unbelievably large. Finally, a man from the crowd came forward. He put the pole on his shoulders and walked to the north gate. True to his word, Shang Yang gave the man 50 gold pieces.

After that, the people of Qin were all talking about what Shang Yang did about the pole. They believed he was a man of his word. So when Shang Yang began carrying out his reforms, the people followed him.

Under these great reforms, Qin grew stronger and stronger. At last, Qin made all the seven states into one empire (帝国).

6．Which of the following is TRUE about Shang Yang?

A．He was a statesman in Zhao. B．His reforms included paying rewards to all the soldiers.

C．He paid little attention to farming. D．His reforms were not welcomed by the people at first.

7．What is the correct order of these events?

a. A man took the pole to the north gate. b. People thought Shang Yang was joking.

c. Shang Yang increased the reward to 50 gold pieces. d. Shang Yang came up with an idea.

A．bcda B．dbca C．dabc D．bdca

8．What does the underlined part mean?

A．A man who keeps his word. B．A man who can speak loudly.

C．A man who likes to speak a lot. D．A man who seldom speaks.

9．You can probably find this passage from ________.

A．A fashion magazine B．A guidebook C．A story book D．A poster

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