专题12 阅读理解之议论文

全国（2020-2022）三年中考英语（真题+模拟题）精选分类训练

专题12 阅读理解—议论文

考查点：

1.考查考生阅读、理解、归纳概括、逻辑推理以及对材料的综合评估能力等。

2.考查微技能：细节理解、推理判断、词(组)义猜测、主旨大意、标题归纳、数字计算、写作意图等。

议论文体裁特点：

议论文是对某个问题或某件事情进行分析、评论，表明自己的观点、立场、态度、看法和主张的一种文体。文章或从正面提出某种见解，或是驳斥别人的错误观点，以说服读者同意自己的观点为主要目的。

解题技能：

议论文一般有论点、论据和论证三个要素。

论点是议论文的核心，是作者对所论述事件的基本看法和立场；找准论点有助干把握文章的整体方向和理解文章主题的深层内涵。

论据是作者所引用的用以证明和支持论点的材料，这些材料可以是名人名言、事实例证，或是统计数据等，理清论据材料的内容能够帮助读者更深层次地理解论点的含义。

论证方法多种多样，常见的有：

1.归纳法，从分析个别事例入手，找出事物的共同特点，从而得出结论；

2.演绎法，从一般原理出发，对个别事物进行说明、分析后得出结论；

3.比较对照法，对所有事实、方面进行对照，找出异同之处，然后加以分析，得出结论；

4.驳论法，先列出错误的观点，然后加以逐条批驳，反证自己观点的正确性。

1.细节理解：细节理解题在中考阅读理解试题中所占比例最大，相对来说较简单，通过题干的关键词，在文中找到相关信息，仔细对比，就能得出答案。其正确选项特征为：同义替换、语言简化、正话反说等。

2.主旨大意：主旨大意题主要考查考生把握全文主题和理解中心思想的能力，以概括中心大意、段落大意、选择标题及判断作者写作意图等形式出现。其正确选项特征为：涵盖性强，覆盖全文或全段；确定的范围恰当，既不太大，也不太小；精确性强，不会改变语言表意的程度及色彩。

3.作者观点：站在作者的角度，通过逻辑关系，推敲作者的态度一般不出现绝对概念。

4.词义猜测：词义猜测是一种阅读技巧和能力，考查考生在短时间内根据上下文快速猜测所指定的某一个生词、词组或者句子含义的能力，而这些词或词组往往超出考纲范围。一般利用上下文线索、语法知识、上下文逻辑、构词法和常识等猜测词义。

2022年

(一)（2022·湖北十堰·中考真题）

阅读短文，根据其内容，选择最佳选项。

There is no doubt that technology has had a big influence on our lives. People from all around the world can now talk to each other almost at once on mobile phones and the Internet. People can easily solve their problems with the help of computers and the world wide web. With this technology, it seems that the world is more connected now than ever before. Even so, there have been worries about technology making people feel lonely and disconnected from others around them.

So does this mean that technology makes us lonely?

In my opinion, it is hard to say Yes or No.

It’s true that humans need communication with each other. If we depend on technology too much to communicate, this can badly impact our mental (心理的) health. For me, technology is a tool. And just like any other kind of tool — like scissors, a pencil or a ruler, for example, it depends on how we use it: in a right way or in a right place. Take social media (社交媒体) as an example. If you only use it to compare yourself with others, you might feel sad and lonely. But if you use it as a tool to connect with friends and family or to start a new community to talk about your hobbies and interests, the loneliness will turn into love and friendship.

When you feel lonely after staring at your computer screen all day, maybe you can use that technology to reach out to a reliable (可靠的) friend and invite him or her out for lunch or a coffee.

1．According to the writer, technology is ________ .

A．a tool B．an influence

C．a pair of scissors D．a way of communication

2．What’s the meaning of the underlined word “impact” in Paqugraph 4?

A．帮助 B．促进 C．影响 D．进入

3．According to the passage, if people use technology too much, people may ________ .

A．sleep less B．live longer C．feel lonely D．get more jobs

4．When we use technology to________ others, we can find love and friendship.

A．argue with B．compete with C．connect with D．compare with

5．What’s the main idea of the passage?

A．Social media is important to us.

B．Technology can be good and bad to us.

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