专题10 阅读理解之记叙文

全国（2020-2022）三年中考英语（真题+模拟题）精选分类训练

专题10 阅读理解—记叙文

考点分析

考查点：

1.考查考生阅读、理解、归纳概括、逻辑推理以及对材料的综合评估能力等。

2.考查微技能：细节理解、推理判断、词(组)义猜测、主旨大意、标题归纳、数字计算、写作意图等。

解题策略

记叙文体裁特点：

记叙文是以叙述、描写为主要表达方式,以记人、叙事为主要内容的一种文体。通俗的说就是讲故事。主要特点是通过生动的形象和事件来反映生活,表达作者的思想感情。文章的主题思想蕴涵在具体的材料中。

常见的记叙文包括小说、戏剧、童话、寓言、传奇故事、传记、新闻报道和日记等。

解题技能：

理清记叙文六要素：时间、地点、人物、事件的起因、经过和结果。

1.细节理解：细节理解题在中考阅读理解试题中所占比例最大，不过相对来说较简单，通过题干的关键词，在文中找到相关信息，仔细对比，就能得出答案。其正确选项特征为：同义替换、语言简化、正话反说等。

2.主旨大意：主旨大意题主要考查考生把握全文主题和理解中心思想的能力，以概括中心大意、段落大意、选择标题及判断作者写作意图等形式出现。其正确选项特征为：涵盖性强，覆盖全文或全段；确定的范围恰当，既不太大，也不太小；精确性强，不会改变语言表意的程度及色彩。

3.推理判断：推理判断题考查考生根据字面意思，通过逻辑关系，研究细节，推敲作者的态度，理解文章寓意的能力；其正确选项特征为：立足原文，只推一步；一般不出现绝对概念。

4.词义猜测：词义猜测是一种阅读技巧和能力，考查考生在短时间内根据上下文快速猜测所指定的某一个生词、词组或者句子含义的能力，而这些词或词组往往超出考纲范围。一般利用上下文线索、语法知识、上下文逻辑、构词法和常识等猜测词义。

2022年

(一)（2022·广东·中考真题）

Jerry is a world-famous mountain climber. He has climbed many high mountains in the world. Starting in 2015, he and his friends spent two years on an adventure（探险）in South America, covering 7,800 miles. He was even named Adventure of the Year by a famous geography magazine in 2018.

Although Jerry had achieved great success, he didn’t feel fulfilled. He asked himself, “Is it enough to climb the highest mountains? Am I doing something helpful? How can I turn my adventures into something that can help the world?”

Jerry learned that scientists need plants, rocks and water samples（样本）from the places far away to do research. But scientists can’t get there themselves as such places are hard to reach——only the bravest adventurers can make it. Jerry thought himself could do something to help. He then came up with an idea. He set up a team of top adventures to collect samples for scientists. By studying the samples, scientists could know more about the earth and find ways to protect it.

Recently Jerry and his adventurer friends have discovered a special plant life of Mountain Qomolangma. The samples they brought back have helped scientists how plants live in extreme（极端的）conditions.

For Jerry, this kind of adventure is most satisfying. “Such adventures had made us see life in a different way. Now, being the best climber isn’t important for me, what matters is doing something helpful while climbing the mountains. There is still much more we can do.” Jerry said to a newspaper.

1．What is paragraph 1 mainly about?

A．Jerry’s friends. B．Jerry’s achievements.

C．High mountains. D．A geography magazine.

2．What does the underlined word “fulfilled” in paragraph 2 mean?

A．Satisfied. B．Lonely. C．Patient. D．Worried.

3．Why did Jerry set a team of top adventures?

A．To make friends. B．To help scientists. C．To study plants. D．To train scientists.

4．Jerry’s and his friends’ adventures had changed ________.

A．their hobbies B．their friendship

C．their understanding of life D．their living conditions

5．Which can be the best title for the passage?

A．Dangerous Mountains Climbing. B．Important Scientific Discoveries.

C．Plants Found on High Mountains. D．Adventures Turned into Something Greater.

(二)（2022·广西·中考真题）

Days ago, I made a skirt for a friend’s daughter. Today, I noticed a message on my phone on wechat （手机微信）. It was my friend saying, “I know you worked hard on the skirt and it looks very nice, but Lingling doesn’t like the pattern（图案）on the skirt. Could you change it?”

I was angry and wanted to call her back. Then I suddenly thought of Grandma and what she had once done for me long ago.

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