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人教八上英语期末语法归纳
初二(八年级)英语期末
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【人教】八上英语期末语法归纳
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1
页 共
14
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微信公众号:瑾言教育资料库
一、复合不定代词
作主语
/
宾语
/
表语
常见的复合不定代词有:
指事
/
物
指人
some-
something
某事
/
物
someone
某人
somebody
某人
any-
anything
任何事
anyone
任何人
anybody
任何人
no-
nothing
没有什么
no one
没人
nobody
没人
every-
everything
一切
everyone
每人
everybody
每人
考点:
1.
some-
的复合不定代词通常用于肯定句中,
any-
常用于否定句或疑问句中
。
如:
I can't see anything on the table.
我在桌子上什么也看不到。
Is there anyone in the classroom?
教室里有人吗?
—
Yes. There is someone.
是的,有人。
★在表请求、建议,希望得到对方肯定答复的疑问句中,要用
some-
的复合不定代词。
如:
Would you like something to drink?
你想要喝点什么吗?
Why not ask someone to go with you?
为什么不叫人和你一起去呢?
2.
复合不定代词
+
形容词
(即:形容词修饰复合不定代词时,形容词要后置,做后置定语)
如:
There's nothing serious.
没什么要紧的。
3.
复合不定代词作主语时,谓语动词常用单数。
如:
Someone is waiting for you .
有人正在等你。
二、频度副词
定义:
表动作发生的频率的副词。常位于系动词、助动词或情态动词之后,实义动词之前。
(
sometimes
也可放在句首
/
句尾)常见的频度副词有:
always
总是>
usually
通常>
often
经常>
sometimes
>
seldom
很少>
hardly
几乎不>
never
从不
【例句】
1. She is always glad to help others.
她总是乐于助人。
2. My mother usually gets up at six.
我妈妈通常
6
点起床。
3. He often goes to the library.
他经常去图书馆。
4. Sometimes she plays tennis after school.
她有时放学后打网球。
5. I hardly know him.
我几乎不认识他。
6. I never go out at night.
我从不晚上出门。
【注意】:
1.
对频率
/
频度副词提问(如:
once a week, every day
等),用
how often
“多久一次”
【人教】八上英语期末语法归纳
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2.
对次数提问用
How many times
“多少次”
如:
Miss Gao dances
twice a week
. (
对划线部分提问
)
→
How often
does Miss Gao dance?
如:
Miss Gao dances
twice
a week.
→
How many times
does Miss Gao dance a week?
3.
对“
in+
时间段”提问,用
how soon
“多久以后”
★
如:
She will come back
in two weeks
. (
对划线部分提问
)
→
How soon
wil she come back?
4.
对“(
for
)
+
时间段”提问,用
how long
“多长时间”
如:
He watches TV
for half an hour
every day.
→
How long
does he watch TV every day?
三、形容词
/
副词的比较级和最高级
大多数形容词或副词有三个等级:原级、比较级和最高级。
比较级表“更…”;最高级表“最
...
”
1.
比较级和最高级的构成:(直去双改多)
(
1
)直接
+er,+est
。
如
: long-longer-longest
;
high-higher-highest
(
2
)去掉不发音的
e,+er,+est
。
如
: nice-nicer-nicest
;
wide-wider-widest
(
3
)
重读辅元辅结尾
,
双写尾字母
+er,+est
。(胖瘦大热湿红伤健康)
如
: fat-fatter-fattest
thin-thinner-thinnest
big-bigger-biggest
hot-hotter-hottest
wet-wetter-wettest
red-redder-reddest
sad-sadder-saddest
fit-fitter-fittest
(
4
)辅
+y
结尾
,
变
y
为
i,+er,+est
。
如
:early-earlier-earliest; happy-happier-happiest
(
5
)多音节词
/
部分双音节词,其前
+more,+most
。
如
: popular - more popular - most popular
;
delicious - more delicious - most delicious
(
6
)部分单词比较级和最高级的不规则变化:
good/well
→
better
→
best
bad/ badly/ill
→
worse
→
worst
many/much
→
more
→
most
little
→
less
→
least
old
→
older/elder
→
oldest/eldest
far
→
further/farther
→
furthest/farthest
★由形容词
+ly
构成的词,
v+ed/ing
的词,
-ful
或
-less
结尾的词,加
-more/most.
quickly
—
more/most quickly
boring
→
more/most boring
careful
→
more/most careful
careless
→
more/most careless
2.
形容词和副词比较级的用法
比较级用于两者(人或物)之间的比较。
“更……”
★原级比较:
(
1
)
as+
原级
+as
“和
...
一样”
eg
:
Lily is as tall as Lucy.
(
2
)
not as/so +
原级
+as
“不如
....
”
eg
:
Lily is not as/so tall as Lucy.
less+
原级
+than
“不如
....
”
eg
:
Lily is less beautiful than Lucy.
★比较级句型
(
1
)比较级
+than
“比
...
”
【人教】八上英语期末语法归纳
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微信公众号:瑾言教育资料库
数字
+
比较级
+than
“几
...
“
倍数
+
比较级
+than
“几倍
...
“
eg
:
Lily is taller than me.
莉莉比我高。
Jim is
three years
older than Tom.
吉姆比汤姆大三岁。
This room is
three times
bigger than that one.
这个房间比那个大三倍。
I got up earlier than my mother this morning.
我今天早晨起床比我妈妈还早。
He runs
four times
faster than his brother.
他跑的速度比他弟弟快四倍。
(
2
)比较级
+and+
比较级
“越来越
....
”
eg
:
It
's
getting
hotter and hotter
.
天气变得越来越热。
She is becoming
more and more
beautiful.
她变得越来越漂亮了。
(
3
)
the+
比较级,
the+
比较级
“越
...
就越
...
”
eg
:
The more , the better.
越多越好。
The more you eat, the fatter you will be.
吃的越多,长得越胖。
(
4
)
the +
比较级
+of the two
“两者中更
...
的”
eg
:
My brother is the taller of the two.
我哥哥是两个人中较高的。
(
5
)选择疑问句
eg
:
Which is bigger, the earth or the moon?
地球和月亮哪个更大
?
Who draws better
,
Lucy or Lily?
露西和莉莉谁画得更好
?
★原级与比较级间的转换:
Lucy is more beautiful than Lily.
露西比莉莉更漂亮。
=Lily is less beautiful than Lucy.=Lily isn
’
t
as/so beautiful as Lucy.
★程度词
+
比较级:
表示一方超过另一方的程度
(
1
)
much/ a lot/ far+
比较级
“
...
得多”
eg
:
He feels a lot better today.
(
2
)
a little/ a bit+
比较级
“
...
一点”
eg
:
He is a little taller than me.
他比我高一点。
(
3
)
even+
比较级 “甚至
...
”
eg
:
I feel even worse now.
我现在感觉更糟了。
【注意】:比较级前不能用
very, so, too, quite
,
pretty
等修饰。
3.
形容词和副词最高级的用法
最高级用于三者或三者以上(人或物)之间的比较。 “最
......
”
(
1
)
the+
最高级
+in/of/among...
“
...
是
...
中最
...
的”
eg
:
I'm the tallest
in my class
.
我
是我们班最高的。
Bob sings (the) best
of all the students
.
鲍勃是所有学生中唱得最好的。
This cup is the most beautiful
among the five
.
这个杯子是五个杯子中最漂亮的。
注:形容词最高级前要加
the
。