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专题13小升初英语语法专题202321小升初知识点讲解与考题精练份
六年级英语知识点总结
《专题13小升初英语语法专题202321小升初知识点讲解与考题精练份》详情
资料介绍
6年级英语全册知识点
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小升初语法第13讲:介词(二)
前面我们主要讲了时间介词,本节课我们主要讲解地点介词、方式介词、原因介词和其他介词。下面一起来看看吧。
【知识点1】地点、方位介词at, in, on, above, below的用法
- at 表示在某个具体地点,即“小地方”(比城市小),如:
at home at school at the bus station
at the corner at the top of at the school gate
at the crossroads at the foot of at the airport
- in “在…之中”,表示在某范围之内,或某个地方(城市,国家等大地方),如:
There are many books in my schoolbag. 我的书包里有很多本书。
My grandparents are in Beijing now. 我的祖父母现在住在北京了。
- 固定搭配:
in the car in the middle of in the library
in the hospital in Shanghai in China
in the world in the east in the sky
注意:在某个地理范围内的“东、南、西、北”方,也用in, 如:
Shanghai is in the east of China. 上海位于中国的东部。
- on“在…之上”,表示某物体上面并与之接触,如:
My book is on the table. 我的书摆在桌上。
- 固定搭配:
on the desk on the wall on the playground
on the road on the right/left on a bus/train
on the shelf on one’s way to on both sides of the river
注意:地理上与某个地方接壤的“东、南、西、北”方,用on, 如:
Shanghai is on the south of Jiangsu. 上海位于江苏南部。
补充:地理上与某个地方不接壤的“东、南、西、北”方,用to, 如:
Japan is to the east of China. 日本在中国的东部。
- above 意为“高出…”,“超过…”,指在……上方,不一定在正上方(正上方用over),与below相对,如:
The plane is flying above the clouds. 这些鱼在水面下游动。
- below 意为“在……之下,低于”,不一定在正下方(正下方用under),如:
The fish were swimming below the surface of the water. 这些鱼在水面下游动。
图示总结
- 易混淆的地点介词
- on, over, above
- 两者都表示“在...上面”,介词on的两者有接触; over表示“在...正上方”,两者不接触,强调垂直上方;
- above 指“在……之上”指相对高度,不一定是正上方,其反义词是below。
- The apple is on the table. 苹果在桌子上。
- The lamp hung over the table. 那盏灯挂在桌子上。
- The plane flew above the clouds. 飞机飞过了云层。
- below, under
- (1)below表示“在下方或位置低于……”,不一定有“垂直在下”之意
- The temperature will fall below zero tomorrow. 明天的气温将会降到零度以下。
- (2)under表示“在……正下方”
- There are many bikes under the trees. 在树下有许多自行车。
- in, at, on
- 前面我们学了in, on, at作为时间介词时,根据后街时间长短排序为in>on>at, 同样,in和at作为地点介词时,从后接范围大小看仍然符合in>at。
- in +大地点, at +小地点
- They will arrive in Pairs in a few hours. 几小时后他们到达巴黎。
- They will arrive at the train station soon. 他们很快将到达火车站。
- ✩ 特殊的地点介词用法:on the farm在农场, in the hotel在旅店
- between, among
- between和 among都表示“在...之间”,between表示“在两者之间”,among表示“在三者或三者以上之间”。
- I have to finish my homework between 7 and 9. 我们必须在7点到9点之间完成家庭作业。
- She is the tallest among her classmates. 她在同学中是最高的。
- through
across
through
across
- (1) across表示“横过;穿过;从一边到另一边” (表面)
- He walked across the road carefully. 他小心翼翼地走过了马路。
- (2) through表示“从一头到另一头;穿过;从头到尾”(空间内)
- He walked through the forest alone. 他独自一人穿过森林。
- in front of, in the front of
- 这两个介词短语都可以表示“在...前面”。in front of表示在某个范围以外,“在某人或某物的前面”,存在于某人或某物之外。in the front of表示在某个范围以内,“在...的前部”,包含于某物之内。我们可以记作:没the在外面,有the在里面。
- Lisa is standing in front of the car. 丽萨站在汽车前面。(在车外)
- Lisa is sitting in the front of the car. 丽萨坐在汽车前面。(在车里)
- in, on, to
- 在表示某个位置的方向时,我们常用到in, on, to 这三个介词。这三个方位介词的区别如下:
- in在范围内
- Beijing is in the north of China. 北京在中国的北部。(范围内)
- on是相邻且接壤
- Canada is on the north of American. 加拿大在美国的北边。(相邻且接壤)
- to是相邻不接壤
- Japan is to the east of China. 日本在中国的东面。(相邻不接壤)
- in, on
- in the tree: 在树上(外来的,如鸟等)
- on the tree:在树上(本来就有的,树上结的果子、树叶等)
【知识点2】其他常用介词
- 表示方式、手段的介词
- 常见的表示手段的介词有by(通过)、in(用)、through(通过,凭借)、with(用)等。
- You can book the tickets by phone. 你可以通过电话订票。
- Her parents always talk to her in English. 她父母总是用英语跟她说话。
- She shouted his name in a loud voice. 她大声呼喊他的名字。
- I heard about it through a friend. 我通过一位朋友听到这个消息。
- I saw it with my own eyes. 我是亲眼所见。
- 表示原因的介词
- 常用的表示原因的介词有for(由于)、from(由于)、with(由于)等。这三个介词在表示原因时用法有一些区别。
- for表示原因通常与sorry, famous, thank等词连用
- I’m sorry for what I did. 我为我做的事情感到抱歉。
- from表示自然和直接的理由、原因或动机
- She felt sick from tiredness. 她因劳累感到不舒服。
- with指生理上或情感上由外界到内心的原因
- He jumped with joy on hearing the good news. 听到那个消息他高兴地跳了起来。
- 表示“除...外”的介词
- 表示“除...外”的介词除了except, 还有but, except for, besides等。这四个词/词组在用法上有一些差别。
- except仅表示“除了...”,强调“排除在外”
- Everyone watched the movie except me. 除了我之外,每个人都看了那部电影。
- but多用在序数词及某些不定代词如nothing, all, anything等之后
- There’s nothing but yourself in the mirror. 除了镜子里的你自己,别无他物。
- besides表示“除了...还有”,强调“另外还有”
- Besides some books, he also bought some pencils. 除了一些书之外,他还买了一些铅笔。
- except for表示“除了...”,用来引出一个相反的原因或者事例
- Your composition is well written except for a few misspellings.
- 除了一些拼写错误之外,你的作文写得还不错。
- 介词专项训练
- 一、单项选择。
- ( )1.He's very proud his father.
- A.of B.with C.for
- ( )2.I always go for a walk with my grandfather dinner.
- A.after B.by C.before
- ( )3.I'll be waiting your letter.
- A.for B.of C.at
- ( )4.He was born September14th,1986.
- A.at B.on C.in
- ( )5.--How did you go to school?
- -- bus.
- A.Buy B.By C.On
- ( )6.Let's have a party you.
- A.for B.to C.at
- ( )7.Is it Wednesday Thursday?
- A.or B.and C.with
- ( )8.How do you get the USA China?
- A.to;from B./form C.in;to
- ( )9.My birthday party will be 7 o'clock Sunday evening.
- A.at;on B.in;on C.at;in
- ( )10.They play basketball fun Saturday.
- A.on;for B.for;on C.for;in
- ( )11.In China,drivers drive the side of the road.
- A.on;left B.on;right C.in;right
- ( )12.There is going to be a football match Class 1 Class2.
- A.and;and B.in;and C.between;and
- ( )13.The students are learning the maple tree the Internet now.
- A.with;in B.about;on C.to;at
- ( )14.I often clean my room Saturday.
- A.in B.at C.on D./
- ( )15.I usually come to school .
- A.by a bus B.on foot C.on feet D.on bus
- ( )16.For many western people,they drink cold water even winter.
- A.on B.for C.at D.in
- ( )17.Taiwan is the southeast of China.
- A.on B.in C.at D.by
- ( )18.Kate wants cabbage breakfast.
- A.to eat;for B.eat;for C.to eat;o D.eat;on
- ( )19.Can you tell me something your school life?
- A.on B.about C.in D.with
- ( )20.Look!Lucy is a new red dress.She is beautiful today.
- A.with B.put on C.in D.wear
- ( )21.A:What do you have dinner?
- B:I have rice and fish.
- A.for;some B.for;a few C.with;some D.for;many
- ( )22.A red apple is the short tree,a small bird is the tall tree.
- A.on;on B.in;in C.on;in D.in;on
- ( )23.--Is there a classroom building the school?
- --Yes,and there are some tall trees the classroom building.
- A.in front of;in front of B.in the front of;in front of
- C.in the front of;in the front of D.in front of;in the front of
- 参考答案
- 1.A 2.A 3.A 4.B 5.B 6.A 7.A 8.A 9.A 10.B
- 11.B 12.C 13.B 14.C 15.B 16.D 17.B 18.A 19.B 20.C
- 21.A 22.C 23.B